跳高助跑速度转化率的生物力学研究

Biomechanical research on the conversion ratio of approach speed of high jump

采用两台SONY高速摄像机,对参加全国田径锦标赛暨城运会达标赛的优秀男子跳高运动员的试跳进行现场同步拍摄,运用爱捷运动录像反馈系统进行解析,并与国外优秀选手进行比较。结果表明:我国运动员助跑水平速度与国外优秀选手相比,无显著性差异,而在起跳垂直速度上却有非常显著性差异;我国选手助跑速度没有合理地转化为起跳的垂直速度,助跑速度转化率较低。主要原因与起跳腿伸肌的离心收缩能力有关,另外还与助跑速度有关,助跑速度与起跳腿的专项力量素质不相匹配。

Filmed by two Sony high-speed cameras,analyzed by the feedback system of Aijie kinmatic video,it has made a comparison of the jumping trail of Chinese elite high jumpers participating in national track and field championship with the that of foreign excellent jumpers. It has been shown that there is no significant difference at horizontal approach speed between Chinese jumpers and foreigners,but there are extraordinary significant differences at the speed of vertical take-off.The Chinese jumpers＇ approach speed wasn＇t turned into the vertical speed of take-off properly. The vonversion ratio is relatively low. The main reason has something to with the centrifugal contraction ability of extensor of take-off leg, with the approach speed and with non-match of the special strength quality of the speed and take-off leg.