女性刊物与女性意识的自觉——辛亥革命时期女性生存状态考论

Feminist Publications and Female Self-Consciousness——Living State of Women during the Revolution of 1911

辛亥革命时期妇女运动的开展有质的飞跃,涌现出了一批女性刊物,发出女子独立的呼声,并提出与“国民”相对举的“女国民”概念。但这一时期女性意识更多地停留在对国家民族事业的介入层面。女性自我形象的期许是以男性标准为标尺,在习惯上她们往往服从于男性对她们的期望和规定。对革命成功与女子解放之间显示于表层的直线联系,抱着过于简单的企望。这种极不完备成熟的女性意识是辛亥革命时期妇女解放运动终致失败的内在原因。

There was a qualitative leap in the womenb movement during the Revolution of 1911. A number of feminist publi- cations emerged, sending out women＇s voice for independence and putting forward the concept of nu - guomin （ women citizens ） against guomin（citizens）. But in this period the women＇s self- consciousness remained mostly at the level of participation in na- tional causes. Men＇s standard was still taken as the criterion for women＇s self - image because women were used to meeting men＇s expectations and observing regulations set up by men. And their pursuits were limited by their superficial understanding of the linear connection between revolutionary success and women＇s liberation. The women＇s inadequate and immature self - consciousness was the internal reasons for the failure of women＇s liberation movement during the Revolution of 1911.