战前“统制经济”学说的讨论及其实践

On the Discussion and Application of "Controlled Economy" before the Anti-Japanese War

“统制经济”是上世纪30年代初期在中国学术界广为流行的一种学说,它的指导思想是主张国家应对生产和市场进行有限度的干预,使社会生产得以有序地进行,从而减轻经济危机的打击。此时的国民政府正积极加强统治,扩张国家资本的势力,而统制经济学说恰与当局的想法不谋而合,因此统制经济不仅作为国策很快便得到政府的认同,而且党国首脑还积极予以倡导,并试图在各个领域内全面加以实践。尽管学界的理论与政府的决策内容并非一致,目的更是大相径庭,但战前有关统制经济的讨论以及实践却为抗战爆发后政府及时将平时经济体制改变为战时经济体制,并全面实施统制经济奠定了基础。

Controlled Economy was a theory widely known among the Chinese scholars of the early 1930s. It claimed, as a guiding principle, that the state should intervene in the production and market but in a restrained way, so that social production could be orderly carried out and economic crisis would be lessened. This proposition happened to meet the need of the nationalist government which was active in the expansion of the state capital forces to strengthen its rule. Controlled economy, therefore, was accepted, advocated for and applied in a large scale as a national priority by the nationalist government. Though scholastic theory did not go hand in hand with government＇s decision and even widely divergent in objectives, the pre-war discussion and application of controlled economy laid a foundation for the government to turn the peace economy into war economy.