圣战观念与当代伊斯兰恐怖主义

the Concept of Jihad and Contemporary Islamic Terrorism

伊斯兰的圣战观是一个不断演变的观念。《古兰经》有关圣战的规定反映了先知穆罕默德时期伊斯兰社团的发展,教法中有关圣战的规定又反映了7～10世纪阿拉伯帝国的发展状况。10世纪开始,圣战观总体上处于休眠状态,伊本·泰米叶和瓦哈比派分别在圣战的两个低潮期激活了圣战观。赛义德·库特卜使圣战观念从传统走向现代,并催生了以埃及为中心的第一波伊斯兰恐怖主义;阿卜杜拉·阿泽姆使圣战观国际化,并催生了以本·拉登为代表的第二波伊斯兰恐怖主义。在本质上,当代伊斯兰恐怖主义是对圣战观的曲解和滥用。

The concept of Jihad in Islam is in a continuous process of evolution. The rules of Jihad formulated in the Holy Quran reflect the situation of Islamic community in the era of the Prophet Muhammad, and the rules of Jihad in Islamic Law （Sharia） reflect the development of Arab empires between the 7th and 10th centuries. Since the 10th century, the duty of Jihad has been in a dormant status generally, although it was activated by Ibn Taymiya and Wahhabism respectively during the two low tide periods of Jihad. Sayyid Qutb transferred Jihad from a traditional concept to a modem one, which initiated the first wave of Islamic terrorism centered on Egypt; and Abdullah Azzam internationalized the concept of Jihad, which initiated the second wave of Islamic terrorism symbolized by Bin Laden. Actually, contemporary Islamic terrorism means a kind of distortion and abuse of the Islamic concept of Jihad.