聚焦式“是”字句的句法、语义特点

Syntactic and Semantic Features of Focalizing "Shi" Sentences

本文在聚焦式“是”字句的语义特点问题上提出了跟学界已有研究不同的见解,并试图用“话题—说明”结构解释聚焦句的构造过程。其中,语义特点是文章重点讨论的内容。基本看法是:聚焦句的语义结构可以用“已然预设事件——焦点属性特征”来刻画,这决定了这种句子带有动态句与静态句双重特性,这种解释更符合母语者的语言直觉。句子歧义性的缘由在于对“是”辖域的不同释义,广域释义是窄域释义的逻辑解释,作为聚焦句的“是”只有窄域释义。文章还从“是”的句法、语义本源上指出聚焦“是”字句特殊性的因由。

This paper presents a different opinion from previous studies on semantic features of focalizing ＂shi＂ （是）sentences. It tries to explain the constructing process of sentences of this kind in the framework of ＂Topic-Comment＂ and mainly discusses their semantic features. The paper contents that the semantic structure of this sort of sentences can be described as ＂given events-focal features＂, which makes these sentences acquire both dynamic and static features. This explanationis believed to better catch the intuitions of native speakes than others. Ambiguity of these sentences results from different semantic scope of ＂shi＂ （是） and only when it is used with the narrow scope is the structure a real focal sentence. The paper also lists the syntactic and semantic reasons for the particularity of these sentences.