辨析以人为本的人

Judge the Word "People" in People-oriented Thoughts

“以人为本”的“人”是指生而平等的作为类的独立的人,这种人摆脱等级和人身依附关系,是在世界历史中形成的。中国作为典型亚细亚生产方式的东方国家,经过了“民”—“人民”—“人”的转换历程。中国封建社会民不同于欧洲的农奴,中国的民在人格、经济、政治地位上都是平等的,与“官”相对立。“人民”是“人”与“民”的结合体,兼具人与民的双重特性,人民是与敌人相对立的政治概念,是原来“民”的主体,但已排除了地主富农、官僚资本主义等反动阶级,它是共产党服务的对象,同时,用人民概念表明政权的性质。“人”和“人民”一字之差但不可等同。随着历史的进步,敌人这一与人民相对立的阶级力量退出历史,使人民概念失去了与其相对应的存在前提,人民开始向马克思所说的作为类的人回归,正是在这个意义上,党的十六届三中全会才提出“以人为本”而不是以人民为本。当然,人民作为世界通用的概念将长久使用,在非严格意义上,称“以人为本”为“以民为本”或“以人民为本”也未为不可。

The word ＂people＂ in ＂people oriented＂ refers to such a kind of inherently-equal and human-subjected person that has been detached from social class and personal bondage, who are formed in historical process. China, a typical oriental country with Asiatic mode of production, has experienced in its regime the transformation from ＂civilian＂ to ＂the people＂ and then to ＂people. ＂ A civilian in Chinese feudal society, different from European serf, possessed equal rights in individuality, economy and political status, contrasting to ＂government officials. ＂ ＂The people＂ is the combination of ＂people＂ and ＂civilian,＂ with their respective nature, forming the majority of ＂civilian;＂ and the concept illustrates the property of government, exclusive of other reactive classes, landowners, rich peasants and bureaucratic capitalism, etc. So just one word ＂the＂ marks ＂people＂ and ＂the people＂ great different. With the disappearance of enemy, the people have lost its contrasting class, the condition for its existence, returning to the human-subjected people mentioned by Marx, Therefore, in this meaning, ＂Put people and their prosperity at the forefront＂ was raised in The Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee, instead of ＂the people. ＂ ＂The people＂ is definitely a universal concept and will be existing for a long time; in an loose sense, ＂civilian oriented＂ or ＂the people oriented＂ is equal to ＂people oriented. ＂