滇池流域荒台地植被恢复工程控制面源污染生态机理

Ecological Mechanisms of the Effects of Vegetation Restoration on the Controls of Non-Point Source Pollution on Barren Tableland in Dianchi Watershed of China

利用标准径流小区技术研究了滇池流域荒台地植被恢复工程对水土及氮磷面源污染物控制效应,用枝叶吸附水量和土壤入渗特征指标评价了恢复的植被树冠截留和径流控制能力,分析了植物枝叶形态特征差异与树冠截留,人工植被恢复与径流调控的关系.结果表明,圣诞树、旱冬瓜和香根草对地表径流、土壤侵蚀及氮磷流失具有良好的控制作用.树冠截留能力强、土壤水库容量大的人工植被系统将导致地表径流、土壤侵蚀、氮磷流失显著减少.叶子小、无角质化、表面粗糙、有表皮毛、含水量低、生物量高,枝表面呈中等粗糙、不分泌脂类物质的植物,具有较高的鲜重吸附水率,能增加人工植被树冠截留.整地过程、植物根系生长和林隙灌草丛的自然恢复改善了荒台地土壤入渗性能,减少了地表径流,最终减轻了面源污染负荷.

Surface runoff, soil erosion and the leaching of the different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were observed and the hygroscopic volume of branch and leaves of all plant species and soil penetration were determined to understand the ecological mechanisms of the effects of vegetation restoration on the controls of non-point source pollution on barren tableland in Dianchi Watershed of China. Results indicated that there were significantly relationships between surface runoff volume and the output of nonpoint pollution matters. The different manmade vegetation systems, consisted respectively of A. nepalensis, A. rnearnsii, R. pseudoacacia and V. zizanioides clump, had shown the different potentials to control the leaching of TN, TP, soluble TP, soluble TN. Strong hygroscopic functions of leaves and branch was able to promote the interception of rainfalls and give rise to the less of surface runoff. The leaves, that were small, with low water content, no leathery and have rough face and epidermal wools, were able to got the highly ratio of the hygroscopic volume to aboveground fresh standing crops and strengthened the interception of forest canopy. Preparing soil, growth of root system of plant and the natural recovery of vegetation at the gap of trees enhanced surface runoff penetration, as lightened the surface runoff leaching the different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus of soil on the stands. The leaching of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus went down with the controls of surface runoff in different stands as well.