论医疗侵权行为的归责和免责

Turn and free liability of medical intrusion-right behavior

医疗侵权行为是指在医疗活动中,因医疗行为侵害就诊人人身权利,依法应当承担民事责任的违法行为。本文将医疗侵权行为的归责事由大致分为以下七类:过失性的误诊、漏诊;围手术期间(术前、术中和术后)发生的医疗不当;护理操作不当;与药物使用配发有关的医疗过错;与医疗器械有关的医疗过错;急诊处理不当;与医院管理不善有关的过错。本文将医疗侵权行为的免责事由分为绝对和相对免责事由两种:在紧急情况下为抢救垂危患者生命而采取紧急医学措施造成不良后果的属于绝对免责事由;因患者病情异常或者患者患者体质特殊而发生医疗意外的、在现有医学科学技术条件下,发生无法预料或者不能防范的不良后果的以及因不可抗力造成不良后果的属于相对免责事由,需结合因果关系进行具体分析,免责或减责。

Medical intruslon-right behavior is the behavior trenches patient＇ s right during medical service practices and should be responsibilities for these behaviors. There are 7 categories of turning liabilities： mistaking diagnosis, losing diagnosis, malpractice around operation time, malpractice in nurse service, malpractice in medicine services, malpractice with medical equipments, malpractice in emergency services, malpractice with hospital management. There are absolute and relative free liabilities on medical intrusion right behaviors. The absolute free liabilities are behaviors within emergency situation leading into bad medical result. The relative free liabilities are behaviors with patient＇s special physical condition, and over-forecast or antipreventable medical services.