鳖嗜水气单胞菌败血症的研究

STUDIES ON THE AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA SEPTICEMIA OF SOFT SHELLED (TRIONYX SINENSIS)

将病鳖进行细菌分离，获得的菌株经细菌学鉴定，致病菌为嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ）。病鳖食欲减退以至不吃食，反应迟钝；颈部充血，腹甲严重充血，甚至出血、溃疡，体表可见形成的疤痕；口腔、舌尖和鼻孔充血，甚至口、鼻孔中流出血水；肝脏、肾脏、脾脏肿大，有坏死病灶。组织病理观察表明：大量细菌侵入肺、肾、脾、血液、心脏和肌肉等器官组织，造成出血以及全身性组织损害，组织细胞出现肿胀、颗粒变性、玻璃样变和坏死崩解；血管壁严重受损，内皮细胞坏死脱落。血管内以及器官组织血液中大量红细胞变形、碎裂、溶解，呈现溶血性贫血，血液中白细胞数量极少，病变区无白细胞浸润现象。病鳖由于血细胞广泛受损、心脏病变、肺组织严重坏死，影响气体交换，最终因呼吸困难而窒息死亡。肝、肾和脾等器官组织坏死，失去应有的功能，更加速病鳖的死亡进程。疾病的病理变化表明本病为败血症。鳖病的治疗方法：重病鳖体表病灶处涂抹鱼泰８号药，后腿肌肉注射治鳖灵２号药以及轻病鳖口服治鳖灵１号药，并改善水环境等措施后，治愈率在９０％以上。此外。

Acquired Strains, which were isolated from naturally infected soft shelled turtles and identified by the bacteriological method, were Aeromonas hydrophila. Diseased soft shelled turtles were lethargic and appeared hyperaemia in neck, mouth, nose, the tip of tongue, and serious hyperaemia, haemorrhage, ulcers, scars in the abdomen. Mouth and nose were running fluid with blood. Liver, kidney and spleen were oedema, with some necrotic foci. Histopathological changes: Many bacteria invaded lung, kidney, spleen, blood, heart and muscle,causing haemorrhage and extensive tissue damage, where cells appeared oedema, granular degeneration, hyaline degeneration and necrolysis. Blood vessels were seriously damaged, and their epithelial cells were necrosis and fell away. A large number of erythrocytes in the blood vessels and tissues were deformed, broken and haemolyzed, which led to haemolytic anemia. The number of leucocytes decreased in the blood, and there was no inflammatory response around the necrotic foci. Extensively damaged blood cells, heart tissue and seriously necrotic lung affected oxygen exchange, deseased soft shelled turtles died due to difficult breathing. Necrotic Liver, kidney and spleen lost their functions, which facilitated the death of diseased soft shelled turtles. Histopathological course showed that the disease was septicaemia. Therapy of seriously diseased soft shelled turtles was that their external ulcers were swabbed with “YU TAI 8” drug, and “ZHI BIE LING 2” drug was injected into their hind legs. Slightly diseased soft shelled turtles were fed by the food incorporated with “ZHI BIE LING 1” drug. Meanwhile, water quality was improved. The total cure rate was over 90%. Lastly, the comprehensive preventive measures against soft shelled turtle disease were mentioned.