自然环境中人类免疫缺陷病毒感染活力的探索

Exploration of Infectivity of HIV in vitro

目的 明确自然环境下人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的灭活规律，防止日常生活和医疗卫生工作中接触HIV阳性体液引起的HIV感染。方法通过测TCID50，检测了HIV在水和含10％血清RPM11640培养液稀释后，持续存在于4℃、室温（20℃～26℃）、37℃不同时间的感染活力，并对不病变样品盲目传三代以明确其感染性。结果〈4℃无论在水或细胞培养液中，HIV感染活力〉35d；室温及37℃下，水中HIV感染活力可维持7～14d，培养液中可维持14-21d。结论HIV在自然环境中抵抗力较强，对HIV阳性体液及其污染物应谨慎处理，防止HIV意外传播。

OBJECTIVE To define the regularity of survival ability of HIV in natural environment, and prevent infection through contacting with positive body fluids during daily life or medical work. METHODS Having been diluted by sterile water or 10% serum RPMI 1640 medium, HIV was exposed to 4℃, room temperature （20-26℃） or 37℃ for different period of time. TCID50 of these samples was detected. Non-pathological samples were blind passaged for three generations. RESULTS HIV infective ability persisted more than 35 days both in water and medium at 4℃ ; whereas it persisted 7-14 clays in water, 14-21 clays in medium at room temperature and 37℃. CONCLUSIONS HIV has higher resistance in natural environment. To prevent accidental spreading of HIV, HIV positive liquids and contaminants staffs should be treated carefully.