重庆市渔业环境质量现状及污染特征探析

Quality situation and pollution characteristics of fishery environment in Chongqing

对重庆市渔业环境质量现状及污染特征分析评价结果表明，重庆市渔业环境质量监测点位合格率较低，仅为48．3％。水主要污染物为总大肠菌群和Cu，底泥主要污染物为Cr、六六六和滴滴涕。水中总大肠菌群超标倍数为0．84～3．80，Cu为0．04～5．21；底泥Cr超标倍数为0．002～0．43，六六六为0．03～23．88，滴滴涕为0．08～14．05。渔业水与底泥重金属含量呈正相关，T检验次级河流网箱养鱼河段水中Cu、CODCr和DO含量显著高于一般渔业功能区，而Cr^6＋含量显著低于一般渔业功能区，次级河流网箱养鱼河段底泥中Hg含量则显著高于一般渔业功能区。重庆市渔业环境质量监测点位合格率依次为次级河流一般渔业功能区〉水库〉池塘〉稻田〉次级河流网箱养鱼河段。

The quality situation and pollution characteristics of fishery environment in Chongqing were analyzed. The results show that the rate of test points being up to standard is low and it takes only 48.3 %, The main pollutants in water are total coliform bacteria and Cu, and the main pollutants in fishery sediment are Cr, BHC and DDT. The Cu content in water is 0.04-5.21 times, total coliform bacteria in water is 0.84-3.80 times, Cr in sediment is 0.002-0.43 times, BHC in sediment is 0.03- 23.88 times, DDT in sediment is 0.08- 14.05 times of the standard respectively. By correlation analysis, it is shown that the more the heavy metal in sediment is, the more the heavy metal in water is. By T-test, the contents of Cu, CODcr and DO in water of fishing net function area are markedly higher than those in ordinary fishery function area in the secondary rivers, and the content of Cr^6＋ in water is markedly lower than that in ordinary fishery function area. The content of Hg in sediment of fishing net function area is markedly higher than that in ordinary fishery function area in the secondary rivers. The order of test points being up to standard is the general fishing zone of the second rivers 〉 reservoir 〉 fishpond 〉 paddy field 〉 net fishing zone of the second rivers.