尖吻蝮蛇毒抗凝与纤溶组分对动物血栓的溶栓效应

Thrombolytic effect of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic component from Agkistrodon acutus venom on animal thrombosis

目的:观察尖吻蝮蛇毒类凝血酶与纤溶酶单用与合用对动物血栓的溶栓作用。方法:①实验于2005-01/06在广西医科大学药理学实验室完成。选用新西兰兔120只,雌雄不拘。②取家兔96只,随机分为4组:对照组,纤溶酶组,类凝血酶组,纤溶酶+类凝血酶组,每组24只,每组于实验30,60,120,240min4个时间点各6只。③建立家兔肺栓塞模型:麻醉后固定,耳缘静脉取血1mL,并与凝血酶水溶液混合制备血栓,分一侧颈外静脉,将制好的血栓注入,然后加注20mL生理盐水,于30,60,120,240min后分别将纤溶酶0.7mg/kg,类凝血酶4μg/kg,纤溶酶0.7mg/kg+凝血酶4μg/kg耳缘静脉注射于纤溶酶组,类凝血酶组,纤溶酶+类凝血酶组。24h后处死兔,取出肺中栓子称重,计算相对溶栓率[(溶前血栓湿重-溶后血栓湿重)/溶前血栓湿重×100%]。④将其余24只家兔随机分为4组:对照组,纤溶酶组,类凝血酶组,纤溶酶+类凝血酶组,每组6只。建立家兔动脉血栓模型:麻醉家兔后,分离左侧的颈总动脉和右侧颈外静脉,取一端长7cm的聚乙烯管,中间内置一根6cm已称重的4号手术线。以肝素(5×104U/L)浸湿管壁后插入左颈总动脉和右颈外静脉之间。开放血流,15min后,取出手术线称重,减去原线质量即为药前血栓湿重。然后将纤溶酶0.7mg/kg,类凝血酶2μg/kg,纤溶酶0.7mg/kg+凝血酶2μg/kg分别静脉注射于纤溶酶组,类凝血酶组,纤溶酶+类凝血酶组,于给药后15,30,60,120min分别测定聚乙烯管中的手术线质量,血栓湿重=总质量-丝线干重。⑤计量资料差异比较采用t检验。结果:新西兰兔120只均进入结果分析。①家兔肺栓塞溶栓率:纤溶酶组,类凝血酶组,纤溶酶+类凝血酶组明显高于对照组(t=16.895～35.441,P<0.01)。②家兔动脉血栓湿重:纤溶酶组,类凝血酶组,纤溶酶+类凝血酶组明显低于对照组(t=2.899～10.561,P<0.01)。结论:尖吻蝮蛇毒类凝血酶与纤溶酶有协同溶栓作用。

AIM： To observe the thrombolytic effect of thrombin-like enzyme and fibrinolytic enzyme from Agkistrodon acutus venom on animal thrombosis. METHODS： The experiment was finished in laboratory of pharmacology of Guangxi Medical University from January to June 2005. Totally 120 male and female New Zealand rabbits were selected. （1） Ninetyix rabbits were randomized into 4 groups with 24 rabbits in each group： control group, thrombin-like enzyme group, fibrinolytic enzyme group and thrombin-like enzyme＋fibrinolytic enzyme group, six rabbits at each time 1130, 60, 120, 240 minutes）. （3） Establishment of pulmonary embolism model in rabbits： New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized. 1 mL venous blood samples were drawn from the ear edge of rabbits and made thrombosis with thrombin in water. The thrombosis was injected through an external jugular vein. Then 20 mL saline was injected. After 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes, 0.7 mg/kg fibrinolytic enzyme, 4 μg/kg thrombin-like enzyme, 0.7 mg/kg fibrinolytic enzyme＋4μg/kg thrombin-like enzyme were injected through the ear edge of rabbits in the control group, thrombin-like enzyme group, fibrinolytic enzyme group and thrombin-like enzyme ＋ fibrinolytic enzyme group. All the animals were sacrificed after 24 hours. Thrombi was collected and weighed. Then the relative thrombolytic ratios were calculated [（thrombus wet mass before thrombosis- thrombus wet mass after thrombosis）/thrombus wet mass before thrombosis×100%]. （4） The other 24 rabbits were randomized into control group, thrombin-like enzyme group, fibrinolytic enzyme group and thrombin-like enzyme ＋ fibrinolytic enzyme group, 6 in each, Arterial thrombosis model in rabbits were established： A 7 cm sterile polythelene catheter with a 6 cm No.4 thread weighed in it was inserted through the left common carotid artery and the right external jugular vein of rabbits. The blood flow was opened, after 15 minutes, the thread was removed and weighed, then thrombus wet mass before administration was obtained by subtracting thread mass before 15 minutes. 0.7 mg/kg fibrinolytic enzyme, 2μg/kg thrombin-like enzyme, 0.7 mg/kg fibrinolytic enzyme ＋ 2μg/kg thrombin-like enzyme were injected through the ear edge of rabbits in the control group, thrombin-like enzyme group, fibrinolytic enzyme group and thrombin-like enzyme ＋ fibrinolytic enzyme group. The thread mass was observed after 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes respectively. Thrombus wet mass=total mass-thread dry mass. （5） The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. RESULTS： All the 120 New Zealand rabbits entered the analysis of results, （1）The thrembolytic ratio： It was obviously higher in the fibrinolytic enzyme group, thrembin-like enzyme group and thrombin-like enzyme ＋ fibrinolytic enzyme group than in the control group （t=16.895-35.441, P 〈 0.01）. （2） Thrembus wet mass： It was obviously lower in the fibrinolytic enzyme group, thrembin-like enzyme group and thrombin-like enzyme ＋ fibrinolytic enzyme group than in the control group （t=2.899-10.561, P 〈 0.01）.