Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF） and T-cell responses： what we do and don＇t know

Granulocyte 巨噬细胞刺激殖民地的因素(GM-CSF ) 是一个重要造血的生长因素和有免疫力的调节的人。GM-CSF 也在各种各样的传播白血球的功能的活动有深刻效果。它被许多房间类型在收到有免疫力的刺激之上包括 T 房间，巨噬细胞， endothelial 房间和成纤维细胞生产。尽管 GM-CSF 局部地被生产，它能以一种 paracrine 方式行动到在主人防卫提高他们的功能的成员传播 neutrophils，单核白血球和淋巴细胞。最近的集中的调查为它增加树枝状的房间(DC ) 成熟和功能以及巨噬细胞活动的能力作为一个有免疫力的助手在 GM-CSF 的应用程序上被集中。在经历化疗的癌症病人对待嗜中性白血球减少症临床上被使用，在在治疗期间的爱滋病病人，并且在在骨髓移植以后的病人。有趣地， GM-CSF-deficient 老鼠的造血的系统看起来正常；最重要的变化在一些特定的 T 房间回答。尽管 GM-CSF 的分子的克隆用 T 房间的 cDNA 图书馆被执行， T 房间在激活以后生产 GM-CSF，是众所周知的，在 T 房间功能上有在由 T 房间和它的效果的生产的这 cytokine 的系统的调查的缺乏。在这篇文章，我们将在 T 房间主要集中于 GM-CSF 的免疫生物学。

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF） is an important hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator. GM-CSF also has profound effects on the functional activities of various circulating leukocytes. It is produced by a variety of cell types including T cells, macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts upon receiving immune stimuli. Although GM-CSF is produced locally, it can act in a paracrine fashion to recruit circulating neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes to enhance their functions in host defense. Recent intensive investigations are centered on the application of GM-CSF as an immune adjuvant for its ability to increase dendritic cell （DC） maturation and function as well as macrophage activity. It is used clinically to treat neutropenia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, in AIDS patients during therapy, and in patients after bone marrow transplantation. Interestingly, the hematopoietic system of GM-CSF-deficient mice appears to be normal; the most significant changes are in some specific T cell responses. Although molecular cloning of GM-CSF was carried out using cDNA library oft cells and it is well known that the T cells produce GM-CSF after activation, there is a lack of systematic investigation of this cytokine in production by T cells and its effect on T cell function. In this article, we will focus mainly on the immunobiology of GM-CSF in T cells.