林木基因工程研究进展

Recent Advances in Forest-tree Gene Engineering

林木生长周期长,采用常规育种技术进行新品种选育所需时间长、见效慢,同时还存在基因源缺乏和杂交不亲和等制约因素。基因工程是生物技术的核心,为林木遗传改良开辟了一条新的途径。因此依靠现代基因工程与常规育种技术相结合,可极大地缩短林木育种周期,加速育种进程,创造新种质,选育新品种,对营造优质人工林,缓解木材供需矛盾,保护生态环境具有重要意义。近年来,一些新的技术和方法的应用,如体胚转基因系统和超声波辅助根癌农杆菌介导法,以及很多有用目的基因的克隆促使林木基因工程取得了可喜的进展。本文就应用于林木基因工程的新技术和新方法,以及林木木质素改良、缩短林木育种周期和促进开花、林木生长性状改良和植物修复(林木抗环境污染)等基因工程方面所取得的进展进行了概述。

The existing forest isn＇s enough for the increasing demand of wood product any more in modem society and plantation forestry is becoming the major source of wood products. But forest-tree breeding research is usually delayed for forest-tree＇s long life cycle. It takes up much time and costs a lot to improve forest-tree and screen new clone by using traditional breeding technology. Lacking valuable target genes and hybrid incompatible between parents often decrease the effect of breeding. The research of forest-tree molecular biology and genetic engineering supplies an efficient way for breeders. Depending on modem biotechnology combined with traditional breeding technology, breeders can shorten forest-tree＇s breeding time, accelerate breeding procedure, create or screen new clones and plant high quality plantation forestry. This paper overviewed the great advances that had been gotten in forest-tree transformation technology and method, forest-tree lignin modification, accelerating bloom, alteration forest-trees＇performance and phytoremediation＇s genetic engineering of forest-tree.