肥胖、超重青少年通气功能与体成分关系

Relationship between ventilatory function and body composition in overweight and obese adolescents

目的了解肥胖、超重和体重正常青少年的通气功能差异,探讨体成分对通气功能的影响。方法对研究对象测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围,采用中国肥胖问题工作组肥胖、超重筛查标准,对筛选出的肥胖(64人)、超重(56人)和对照(75人)3组青少年进行体成分和通气功能测定。结果3组青少年用力肺活量(FVC)测量值肥胖组>超重组>对照组,差异无统计学意义(F=25.213,P=0.000)。单位体重深吸气量(IC)、单位体表面积最大通气量(MVV)均表现为对照组>超重组>肥胖组,差异有统计学意义(F=10.316,P=0.000;F=9.660,P=0.000)。3组青少年小气道功能差异无统计学意义。肥胖、超重男生体重及瘦体重含量与通气功能呈显著正相关,肥胖男生腰围、体脂百分比与通气功能呈负相关;肥胖、超重女生体质指数(BMI)与通气功能呈负相关。结论与对照相比,肥胖、超重青少年通气功能有一定影响,小气道功能差异无统计学意义。肥胖、超重男生瘦体重对通气功能有正性作用,体脂百分比对肥胖男、女青少年通气功能有负性作用。中心性体脂分布模式对男生通气功能有负性影响。

Objective To describe the difference of ventilatory function in obese, overweight and normal adolescents and to examine the effect of obesity and overweight on ventilatory function. Methods Weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured in the objects that accepted informed consent. The standard of Group of China Obesity Task Force was used. 64 obese, 56 overweight and 75 normal adolescents were screened, body composition and ventilatory function were measured. Results The values of forced vital capacity （FVC） in 3 groups took on a tendency of obesity group 〉 overweight group 〉 normal group, but the difference was not significant. The index of vital capacity （VC/kg） in the normal group was the highest, obese group was the lowest, and the difference was of significance （ F = 25. 213, P = 0. 000）. The differences of inspiratory capacity （IC） per kilogram and MVV/BSA were of great signicance （F = 10. 316, P = 0. 000; F = 9. 660, P = 0. 000）. There was no significant difference of small airway function among the 3 groups. In obese and overweight boys, body weight and lean body weight were positively associated with the ventilatory function, while waist circumference and body fat percentage were negatively associated with the function in obese boys. Body mass index（BMI） was negatively associated with the ventilatory function in obese and overweigh girls. Conclusion Compared with the normal group, obese and overweight adolescents had impairments in ventilatory function to some extent. No significant difference was found in small airway function; Lean body weight in obese and overweight boys had a positive effect on ventilatory function while body fat percentage showed a megative one on both obese male and female adolesents. There may be some negative effects of central fat distribution on ventilatory function in boys.