甲型副伤寒沙门菌外环境中存活力研究

Study on suivival of Salmonella paratyphi A in outside environment

目的 了解甲型副伤寒沙门菌在蛏子、水体及物体表面等外环境中的存活力，为防控甲型副伤寒的流行提供实验依据。方法将活蛏养殖在适量甲型副伤寒沙门菌污染的海水中，观察不同温度下甲型副伤寒沙门菌在蛏体内的存活时间；在海水、井水、河水、污水、自来水中加入适量甲型副伤寒沙门菌后保存，分别观察不同温度情况下甲型副伤寒沙门菌存活时间；在玻璃表面污染适量甲型副伤寒沙门菌，自然干燥后，置于不同温度保存，观察甲型副伤寒沙门菌存活时间。结果甲型副伤寒沙门菌在4～8℃养殖的蛏子体内可存活10d以上；在井水、河水、污水中可存活3d，在自来水中〈6h，在27℃以下海水中存活3～5d。在27℃以上海水中可存活1～2d，在干燥非吸水性物体表面存活1～2d。结论甲型副伤寒沙门菌在实验蛏体内可存活至蛏子死亡，在温度较低海水中的存活时问比井水、河水、污水、自来水长，环境温度越高死亡越快。

Objective To observe the survival of S. Paratyphi A in outside envionment such a the razor clam, water and the surface of object, and to provide experimental basis for preventing and controlling the epidemic of Paratyphoid fever A. Methods The razor clam was bred in the seawater contaminated adequate S. Paratyphi A, then put it at different temperatures and observed the alive time of S. Paratyphi A. S. Paratyphi A was adequately added in seawater, well-water, fiver-water, polluted water and runnlng-water, then put them at different temperatures and observed the alive time of S. Paratyphi AThe drying glass contaminated adequate S. Paratyphi A was put at different temperatures, then observed the alive time oI S. Paratyphi A. Results S. Paratyphi A could live for over 10 days in the body of razor clam bred at 4-8℃ ; S. Paratyphi A could live for 3 days in well-water, river-water and polluted water, less than 6h in running-water, 3-5 days in seawater under 27℃ and 1-2 days over 27℃,1-2 days on the drying surface that didn＇t absorb water. Conclusion S, Paratyphi A could live in the body of razor clam till it died and for a long time in seawater at lower temperature than in well-water, fiver-water, running-water and polluted water. The higher temperature of the surroundings was the sooner dying.