教师教育:职前培养专业化教师的问题探析

Teacher Education: a Probe into the Prevocational Training of Professional Teachers

从教育强国的高度来看,拥有和建设高素质的教师队伍,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的战略措施。美、德、英等国家教师培养机构已变迁,我们在向西方学习时,要注意到其改革与变迁各自的“背景”。开展教师教育改革,“形”可散,而“神”要聚,要以教师的专业发展作为改革的价值取向。教师专业既包括学科专业性,也包括教育专业性。在教师专业化中,“理解”应该扮演重要角色。教师对两个专业的理解分为两种水平,即对执教学科的操作型与概念型理解和对教学的操作型与概念型理解。教师只有对教学的理解处于概念型水平,对执教学科的理解也处于概念型水平,才能自觉、有效地实施理解性教学。促进师范生对教学的深刻理解,不能完全由教育类课程独自承载。促进未来教师加深对执教学科与教学的理解是促进教师双专业化的有力环节。

From the perspective of building a strong country by education, training and owning a contingent of high - quality teachers is the strategic measure to achieve the Chinese national rejuvenation. Because of the changes of the teacher - training institutions in such countries as the US, Germany and Britain, we should pay attention to their different backgrounds of reforms and changes when learning form the western countries. In reforming the teacher education, we can seem loose in the form, but concentrated in the spirit, with the professional development of teachers as the value orientation of reform. The teacher profession includes both disciplinary and educational profession and in the teacher＇ s professionalization, understanding should play an important role. Teachers understand the two professions at two levels, one being the operational and conceptual understanding of the subject they are teaching in and the other being the operational and conceptual understanding of the teaching. Only when teachers understand the teaching and the subject they are teaching in both at the conceptual level, can they autonomously and effectively carry out the teaching of understanding. We can＇t solely rely on the educational courses to help the normal school students understand the teaching deeply. To promote the teachers to deepen their understanding of the teaching and the subject they are teaching in is an important link in promoting the teachers＇ professionalization.