核壳纳米复合粒子的结构设计、制备与表面反应功能化

Structure Design,Preparation and Functionallization of Core-Shell Nanoparticles

以乳液聚合为主要手段,研究了制备高分子基纳米复合材料的高效而又具有较好普适性的方法,实现了聚合物对A l2O3,CaCO3,ZnO,T iO2无机纳米粒子的包覆。并通过引入交联结构、壳层使用亲水共聚物以及界面引入化学键等方式,克服了一般乳液聚合中产物结构严重依赖于核壳组分亲水性的缺点,大大提高了核壳纳米复合粒子结构设计的自由度。在得到各种纳米复合粒子乳液的基础上,对纳米复合粒子实现了表面反应功能化,赋予了产物高产率和高接枝效率、表面官能团种类及含量和粒子形态结构高度可控等特征。

Polymer/inorganic and polymer/polymer core-shell nanoparticles have been receiving considerable attention because they are basic elements of polymer-based nanomaterials. Based on emulsion polymerization, two general methods were established for preparing each of the abovementioned two types of nano-particles. It was noteworthy that encapsulation of nanosize Al2O3, CaCO3, ZnO and TiO2 by polymers, which were previously thought difficult to achieve, were successfully implemented. Also, structure of product in emulsion polymerization normally highly depended upon hydrophilicity of core and shell polymers. This disadvantage was overcome by means of crosslinking the polymers, use of hydrophilic copolymers and formation of covalent bonds at interface. Therefore spectrum of nanoparticle structure design was largely broadened. Based on emulsion of above-prepared multiple types of nanoparticles, a general method for surface functionallization was proposed. Functionalized nanoparticles were obtained in high yield and binding efficiency. The type and content of reactive groups, and structure and morphology of the nanoparticles could be adjusted in a highly controllable way.