从生产关系批判到生产力批判:卢卡奇物化理论的逻辑推进及内在困境

From Critique of Relations of Production to Critique of Forces of Production——Lukács' Developing of Marx's Philosophy and His Theoretical Predicaments

在马克思社会批判理论的建构中,对资本主义生产关系的批判构成了理论立足点。卢卡奇的物化理论,将马克思的社会批判理论从生产关系批判延伸到生产力批判,这虽然推进了社会批判理论的逻辑深度,但物化理论本身却面临着两大困境:即当社会及其意识结构完全被物化时,阶级意识何以形成?即使形成了又何以能够获得变革现实的基础?卢卡奇的深层理论难题直接影响到了后来者的思路。

The critique of relations of production is the theoretical foothold of Marx＇ s social critical theory. Lukacs transforms social critical theory into the critical theory of the forces of production, he pushes social critical theory in logic deeply, but objectified theory of Lukacs has two predicaments ： if the society and its consciousness has already objectified, how can class consciousness rise？ Even if class consciousness has formed, how can it transform reality？ Lukacs＇ theoretical predicaments influence the later thinkers directly.