论第三种法治

A Study on the Third Type of Rule of Law

人类社会历史中存在过三种法治。一是以法治国的法治,指统治者用法律来统治,法律是统治者手中的统治工具,统治权力的根据是统治者。二是依法治国,指法律统治着国家,统治者根据法律获得其统治权力,并且依照法律进行统治,统治权力来源于法律。但是,依法治国的法治也有两种,一种是以权力为本位,权力意味的是支配和强制;另一种是以权利为本位,权利意味的是自主和自由。于是就有了第三种法治,即以权利为本位而赋予、尊重和维护着权利的法律来统治,由这样的法律成为国家的统治者。

There have been three types of rule of law in human history. The first is called ＂rule by law＂, which means managing state affairs only by using the law. The second is called ＂rule of law＂, which means managing state affairs according to the law. The law is just a basis of administration. In addition, the second has two subtypes. One is based on power, and the other on rights. This kind of rule of law, that is, on rights, means ruling through the law that grants, respects and safeguards rights. The right implies autonomy and freedom.