从叙事学的行动元模式看窦娥之冤——兼评苏力先生的“冤案”观

An Analysis of The Injustice to Dou E from the Actantial Model of Narratology——A Brief Comment on Mr.Su Li's View of "the Case of Injustice"

从叙事学关于行动元模式看,在窦娥悲剧诸种因素中,窦娥冤死的“冤头”只能是判处窦娥死刑的楚州太守桃杌,这是《窦娥冤》运用脸谱化的基本手法,通过桃杌声称“告状来的要金银”的“言”而省略他收受金银的“行”,又通过桃杌在审判中偏袒张驴儿的写意性叙述等,体现出来的作品的思想倾向。因此,认为桃杌是“清廉但平庸”的官吏,对“取证技术局限”和“法官的智识局限”是窦娥冤死的“冤主”,都不是切合作品实际的。

According to the actantial model of narratology, the chief enemy of all kinds of factors which caused Dou E＇s tragedy was Tao Wu, prefecture chief of Chuzhou, who condemned death to Dou E. By stating Tao Wu＇s word that ＂One should pay for one＇s suit＂ instead of his act of accepting money, and by narrating Tao Wu＇s story of his partiality for Zhang Lv＇er during a trial, The Injustice to Dou E typically employed a basic method of stereotype in facial makeup to present its ideological orientation. Therefore, it is not true to the work to argue that Tao Wu was an ＂honest and incorruptible but mediocre＂ government official, and that the primary reason of Dou E＇s wrong death was ＂the technical limitation of collecting evidence＂ or ＂the judge＇s limited knowledge＂.