基于生产成本的中国农地利用集约度的变化特征

The Changing Characteristics of the Agricultural Land Use Intensity in China Based on the Production Cost

以价值形态的农作物种植成本为表征指标,对我国1980—2002年农地利用集约度的变化特征进行了年际间、不同种植业之间与不同区域之间的比较研究。结果表明:①近20多年来,我国农地利用的集约度不断提高,但在1985—1986年、1993—1994年与1998—2002年,农地利用的集约度出现过三次明显的下降;②我国农地利用主要以物质成本投入为主;物质成本投入相对稳定,而劳力成本的投入变化较大,其变化同总成本变化同步;③不同种植业生产的集约度有一定差异,但在总的时序变化规律上差异不明显;④不同区域之间农地利用集约度的变化特征差异显著。低收入地区农地利用集约度的提高幅度比高收入地区大;高收入地区集约度的提高主要依赖于物质成本的投入,劳力成本投入增加不明显,而低收入地区劳力成本与物质成本的投入比例基本相当,且在1991年以后,劳力成本的投入比例超过了物质成本;从集约度的波动上看,集约度下降的阶段,收入高的地区下降幅度大,而收入低的地区下降幅度小。

Based on the value cost databases of the main crops such as paddy,wheat,maize, cotton,flue-cured tobacco,sugarcane and beet,this paper studied the changing characteristics of the agricultural land use intensity in China during the period 1980-2002.The results showed that： （1）The degree of intensity of the agricultural land use has increased in the last two decades in China,but the degree of intensity declined three times in 1985,1993 and 1998. （2）The increase of the degree of intensity of land use was mainly resulted from the increase of the material cost,but the change of the labour force was the key factor leading to the change of the degree of intensity. （3）There was no essential difference in the intensity changes between different crops;but the characteristics of the degree of intensity of the cultivated land use changes differed from each other between different regions. （4）The increase of the land use intensity in undeveloped regions was greater than in developed regions.The increase of the land use intensity in the developed regions mainly depended on the input of the material cost,and the addition of the labour force cost is not evident.However,in the undeveloped regions the input of the labour force cost equalled the material cost,especially since 1991,the input of the labour force cost has exceeded the input of the material cost. In the period of the decline of the degree of intensity, the decline extent of land use intensity in the developed regions was greater than in the undeveloped regions.