高原肺水肿256例临床分析

Retrospective clinical analysis on High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

目的探讨高原肺水肿的临床特点，总结其诊治经验并结合有关文献就该病的发病机制、诊断、治疗、预防等问题进行讨论。方法对我院1996年6月至2005年4月收住的256例高原肺水肿患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全部病例中男性183例（占71．5％），女性73例（占28．5％）；乘飞机进藏228例（占89．0％）；抵达高原后10—96小时发病者242例（占94．5％）：有明确上呼吸道感染为诱因发病者196例（占76．5％）；合并高原脑水肿者死亡4列，占死亡的80％。结论本组男性患者多，因快速进入高原、上呼吸道感染诱发此病多发。合并高原脑水肿者，病死率明显增高。

Objective To describe a group of patients who acquired pulmonary edema at high altitude and discuss the clinical characters of the high pulmonary edema. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 256 patients who acquired pulmonary edema at high altitude in our hospital from June 2004 to April 2005. Results Of all the patients （ 183 men and 73 women; mean age 31.5 years） ,228 （ 89% ） ascended rapidly to the Tibet; 242 （94.5%） patients occurred the typically condition form 10 to 96 hours after ascent to high altitude area. 4 patients with the high altitude cerebral edema were dead （ 80% ） ; Conclusion The disease is more likely to occur after sudden ascent to high altitude. Upper respiratory tract infection or bronchitis may be precipitating factors, especially in male. High altitude cerebral edema is rare but potentially very serious.