论鄱阳湖区生态安全与生态建设

On Ecological Security and Ecological Construction of Poyang Lake District

鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖。鄱阳湖区生态安全具有重要的生态意义、经济意义、社会意义和国际意义。目前,鄱阳湖区生态安全面临着一系列问题和挑战,如水土流失、土地沙化、水旱灾害、耕地锐减、农田鼠害、农田渍害、土壤退化、环境污染、生物入侵、生物多样性衰退等。为确保新世纪鄱阳湖区生态安全,必须加强生态建设,并采取各种有效对策和措施。这包括:提高生态素质、开展植树造林、加强水利建设、实施退田还湖、调整产业结构、实行清洁生产、发展循环经济、增加物质投入、制定生态规划、完善法律法规、重视国际交流与合作。

The Poyang lake is the biggest Chinese fresh water lake. Ecological security of the Poyang lake district has the important ecological significance, economical significance, social significance and international significance. At present, ecological security of the Poyang Lake district is facing a series of problems and challenges, e.g., water and soil erosion, land desertification, the flood and drought disaster, the decrease of area of cultivated land at sharp speed, the farmland rat damage, the farmland salinification, the soil degeneration, the environmental pollution, the biological invasion, the biodiversity declines, food pollution, schistosomiasis, and the poverty of rural economy and the farmer＇s low quality status. In order to guarantee the ecological security of the Poyang Lake district in the new century, the ecological construction must be strengthened, and measures and countermeasures will be taken effectively, which include： to improve the ecological quality; to develop the afforestation; to strengthen the water conservancy construction; to turn the farmland into the lake; to adjust the industrial structure; to implement the clean production; to develop the circulation economy; to increase the material investment; to draft the ecology plan; to perfect legal laws and regulations; to pay attention to the international exchange and international cooperation.