基于GIS和BEHD的粪肥资源评价及其利用的空间布局优化

GIS and BEHD based Farm Manure Evaluation and Its Spatial Optimization

畜禽粪便是一种宝贵的肥料资源,但若管理和处理不当,就会成为重要的环境污染源。将畜禽粪便加工成生物有机肥是实现其资源化,促进农业和环境可持续发展的重要途径。由于畜禽粪便的运输距离是有限的,为因此,畜禽粪便资源评价成为实施生物有机肥工程的关键因素。同时,生物有机肥工程的选址又受到自然环境、社会、经济等因素的影响。本文以福建省龙岩市新罗区为案例区域,探讨运用GIS技术和粪肥的盈亏平衡运输距离原理对猪粪资源空间分布特征及生物有机肥厂用工程空间布局评价的方法。根据当地实际情况,以村级行政单位为研究单元,利用GIS的空间分析功能,对潜在粪肥资源分布进行初步研究,在此基础上选取了交通、法律法规、自然环境等指标对生物有机肥厂布局进行综合评价。在GIS技术的支持下,利用猪粪的最经济运输距离原理,对案例区域新罗区的猪粪资源量及分布进行研究,并探讨了生物有机肥厂用工程空间布局方案。结果表明,该区域具有充足的猪粪资源,主要分布在城郊附近,具有可以实施生物有机肥工程的有利条件。根据在粪肥资源评价基础上,综合自然环境、经济、社会等因素,综合评价结果确定6个备选厂址。该研究结果可为管理者制定发展规划和实施生物有机肥工程提供必要的科学依据和理论基础。同时,对于环境管理部门来说,粪肥资源分布研究方法也可以成为识别畜禽粪便污染严重区域的有利工具。

Manure is a valuable resource that can be used as an alternative fertilizer to inorganic fertilizers, but it has a high potential for pollution if not disposed and treated properlywell. Manure pProcessing, which transforms manure into biological organic fertilizer from manure, is the an important approach achieving theavoiding pollutants pollutionto be recycled and promoting agricultural and environmental sustainability. Evaluation of manure resource is the key point for implementation of biological organic fertilizer project because, because the transporting distanceation range offor manure is limited around the point where the intensive livestock manure is producedtion. Meanwhile, sitting of biological organic fertilizer plant is also influenced by environmental, social, economic and institutional factors. This paper study described a method for identifying the distribution of pig manure resources and evaluated optimal sitting for biological organic fertilizer plant based on GIS and the principle of break-even hauling distance method （BEHD） in Xinluo County, Fujian Province. According to local situation, village was selected as evaluating unit. The potential collectable manure mapping was produced based on spatial analysis function of GIS. The constraints of economyic （proximity to road networks）, institution （proximity to residential area and natural protection zone）, and environment （proximity to watercourses） et al. were selected as the factors to evaluateing the siting of biological fertilizer plants based on the potential collectable manure distribution mapping. The results showed that there iswas plenty ofiful manure for implementing the biological organic fertilizer project in research site. The manure resource was is distributed mainly in outskirts of city and itwhich was is also a potential pollutant to the environment if manure was not used properly. The priority areas for biological organic fertilizer project have been identified after integrating environmental, economic, and biophysical factors based on the resource mapping. Finally, three scenarios were are determined as the optimal sites for biological organic fertilizer plants. The breakeven hauling distanceBEHD was is a very important factor in manure resource mapping, as well as which could be proved by scientific study before used in siting the biological fertilizer plants in different areas in the previous study. The evaluation results of evaluation couldcan be the scientific support and theoretic basis for decision makers inin working outplanning livestock production plan and fertilizer producers inin deciding potential area for plants. To the environmental protection department, Mmanure resource mapping could can also be a valuable tool for environmental protection department to highlight the priority areas where there will be a potential pollution problem, the potential for pollution could be a problem.