MM5模式在风能资源普查中的应用试验

Application of MM5 Model in Wind Energy Resources Survey

应用MM5模式以2001年4月辽宁省沿海及近海海域为例试验了中尺度气象模式在风能资源普查中的作用。结果表明,模式基本能够反映海陆分布、地势起伏等复杂地形下的风场特征,也基本能够反映风能资源参数的分布以及风速的变化情况。可以模拟出风能资源量的相对大小分布,并识别出辽宁省近海、海岛、沿海以及内陆一些地势较高的山口地带风能资源比较丰富,但模拟的风能资源量偏小,特别是对大于10m/s的较大风速模拟得明显偏低。试验表明,MM5模式对大范围区域风能资源的宏观评估以及风电场宏观选址具有很好的参考和应用价值,但目前还不足以定点模拟和确定风电场场址位置,但数值模拟作为风能资源普查的一种新型手段有发展和研究价值,是未来风能资源普查评价技术的发展方向。

The exploitation and utilization of wind energy, which is an important clean renewable resource, has been paid more attention in the world. During the earlier stage of exploitation process, it is very important to survey wind energy resources and site wind farm, which cannot be fulfilled only with the observation data of meteorological stations and some other observation data. Therefore developing new wind energy resources survey method is imperative and using numerical models to simulate wind conditions in a region is feasible based on current technical level. MM5 model is one of the most successful and integrated models, and it is also a macro-scale meteorological model. This paper attempts to introduce MM5 model into wind energy resources survey. Taking Liaoning littoral and offshore in April 2001 as an example, the effects of meso-scale meteorological model in wind energy resources survey are tested with MMS. The results show that the model simulates approximately the main characters of wind field on the complex topography of the region, such as sea-land distribution, topography changes. The distribution of average wind speed, wind power density, effective wind hours and wind speed variation are also simulated roughly. The phenomenon that wind speed decreases remarkably from coast to backland and wind speed isolines are very dense along coastline from offshore to coastal area is also represented. With simulation results, where the wind resources reserves are abundant and where are relatively short can be found. Further more, it can be identified that the offshore, island, coastal area and some mountain pass area high in altitude are resourceful regions. But the resources reserves of the simulation are lower than the observation, maybe mainly because the model usually has deficiency in simulating stronger wind, especially the wind with speed more than 10 m/s. The preliminary experiments show that MM5 model has better reference and application effects on wind resources macro-evaluation and macro wind farm sitting in a big region, but it is not quite enough for dotto-dot simulation and ascertaining the position of wind farm accurately now. As a new method of wind resources survey, numerical simulation using numerical model, such as MM5 model, has development and research value in the future, and will be the research direction of the technology of wind energy survey and evaluation.