数字摄影测量在交通事故现场勘查中的应用

Application of Digital Photogrammetry in Surveying and Mapping of the Traffic Accident Site

对于交通事故现场的处理,目前主要使用拉皮尺、目击调查以及使用影像记录等简单的勘查手段,这对需要快速记录现场情况,然后迅速疏通交通,并在事后进行事故分析和责任认定等造成一定的困难。文章将数字摄影测量中的双像立体和单像纠正技术引入现场勘查,通过事后恢复有用的几何信息以及绘制符号化事故现场图,实现事故现场的可视化重现,为事故分析、责任认定和案例存档等提供了有效途径。为说明该方法的可行性和有效性,文中介绍了相关软件,并通过实验证明该技术具备精度高,自动化程度高以及使用简单等特点。

For speedily surveying and mapping of road traffic accident site, eliminating tragic jam, and, finally, giving right accident analysis and responsibility judgment, current methods will not meet all the demands, which are still based on ruler, witness research and simple images record. This paper presents two methods of digital photogrammetry including measurement based on stereo images and single image rectification.For the first one, relative orientation with distance constraint is used to create the stereo model and determine its scale quickly and accurately.For the second, the exterior parameters of image are computed through two-dimensional direct linear transform and resection. In order to record the accident site in detail, symbolic library was built beforehand and graphic of traffic accident site can be printed out. This paper also introduces a software and points out its characters of high precision, good automation and simple usage by making lots of experiments.