健康教育对贫困农村母亲养育行为影响的效果评价

The effect evaluation of health education on mothers' rearing practices in the poor areas.

目的:评价健康教育干预对儿童母亲养育行为的影响。方法:在选定的一个经济中等项目县和经济状况相似的一个非项目县(对照县)中采用多阶段分层随机改良整群抽样方法选择对象,运用自行设计的“农村儿童养育情况母亲问卷”对母亲或养护人进行面对面问卷调查,用频数分布描述健康教育干预覆盖情况,比较项目县和对照县母亲养育知识态度和行为得分均数,用t检验和2χ检验进行分析。结果:共获得项目县有效问卷213份及对照县有效问卷201份。项目县97.2%被调查儿童母亲接受了有关养育儿童方法的健康教育;项目县比对照县有较多的母亲通过村医、宣传画、书刊杂志及父母学校获取育儿知识,经2χ检验差异有显著性(P<0.001);项目县儿童母亲养育知识态度行为得分高于对照县,经成组t检验差异有显著性(P<0.01);项目县儿童父亲参与管教孩子及经常与孩子一起玩儿的比例、父母管教孩子态度一致的比例均高于对照县(P<0.05)。结论:健康教育干预在一定程度上改善了贫困农村2岁儿童母亲的养育行为。

Objective： To evaluate the effect of health education on mothers＇rearing practice. Methods： By means of multi - phase stratified random improved cluster sampling, subjects were selected respectively in one project county with medium economic level and one non - project county with similar economic conditions from the selected province. A face - to - face questionnaire survey is performed on the mothers of both groups using self - designed questionnaire on mothers＇rearing behavior. Using Frequency distribution described covering rate of health education. The means of mothers＇KAP of two samples was compared and significant differences was conducted by t - test and chi - square test. Results： 213 and 201 valid questionnaires respectively from project county and control county were analyzed. 97. 2% mothers accepted health education by doctors in the project areas. More mothers in project county than in control one obtained parenting information through village doctors, posters and leaflets; books and magazines and Parents school （P 〈 0. 001 ） . The mean marks of KAP on child - rearing are higher in the mothers in the project county than those in the non - project county （P 〈0. 01 ） . The proportions of fathers who were involved into children education, often play with their kids, and share consistent educational attitudes, were higher in the project county than those in the non - project county （P 〈0. 05 ） . Conclusion： In some tent, mothers＇rearing practices of children under 2 years old in the poor areas have been improved through health education intervention.