基于认知心理学的驾驶员信息加工模式研究

Study on Driver's Information Processing Pattern Based on Cognitive Psychology

道路交通系统是一个有人参与的复杂系统,人,特别是驾驶员的行为决定了相当一部分系统的性能。而驾驶行为是一个不断往复进行的信息处理过程,对驾驶员的信息加工模式进行研究是道路交通安全与汽车安全设计的核心基础。随着认知工效研究的深入和人工智能的发展,传统的基于刺激(S)-机体(O)-反应(R)的驾驶员信息加工模式,难以满足技术发展的要求。笔者在对交通系统建模与分析的基础上,应用现代认知心理学理论,对驾驶员的信息获取和处理机制进行了研究,建立了驾驶员对某一确定认知对象的信息处理结构模型,并对模型的作用和特点进行了简单的分析。分析结果为驾驶员认知过程研究和相关系统开发设计提供了依据。

Road traffic system is a firm-involved complex system. Human being, especially the driver behavior decides considerable parts of its properties. Driving behavior is an information processing course going on unceasingly, and the study on information processing pattern of drivers forms the key foundation of road traffic safety and automoile safety design. With the development of ergonomics and artificial intelligence research, the traditional driver information processing pattern based on stimulus （S）-organism （O）-response （R） could no longer meet the requirement of technical development. Based on modeling and analyzing of the traffic system, and applying the new cognitive theory, a particular description of the driver information processing is provided. A structure model of how a driver processes the information about a certain cognitive object is put forward, and the function and feature of this model are briefly analyzed. Analyzed result provides criteria for the study of cognition course of drivers and for the development and design of related system.