火灾烟气毒性评价和预测技术研究

Study on Assessment and Prediction of Fire Effluents Toxicity

总结火灾烟气毒性的评价与预测技术,对火灾烟气毒性评价和预测技术研究的国内外现状进行综述。介绍火灾烟气毒性评价和预测技术在材料产烟毒性危险性评价和性能化评估中的应用现状;比较动物动态染毒与静态染毒法对材料毒性评价的影响;通过分析存在的问题提出了烟气毒性评价与预测技术的未来研究方向。国内外研究表明,火灾烟气中各组分的毒性作用并非简单的加合协同作用,可能起拮抗作用,实际火灾中造成死亡的原因往往是亚致死效应使人丧失逃逸能力引起,现有的毒性数据与真实火灾烟气毒性及对人的作用均存在差别,因此,需通过采用火灾烟气毒性评价与预测技术进行相关研究,建立火灾中人员丧失逃逸能力的毒性指标和判据。

Assessment and prediction technologies of fire effluents toxicity are summarized. The situation ot tire toxicity research both at home and abroad is reviewed. The application of toxicity assessment and prediction technologies in assessing material toxic hazard and fire performance-based evaluation is introduced. The impact of dynamic intoxication and static intoxication of animal on material toxicity evaluation is compared. After analysis of the existing problems, the research direction in future of toxicity assessment and prediction technologies for The effluents is suggested. Research advance demonstrates that components of fire effluents are not definitely synergistic but maybe antagonistic. The fatal case in fire is usually induced by sub lethal effect of fire smoke makirg the victim lose the ability to escape. There are differences between the available toxicity data and the onsite toxic hazard to people. Study must be developed by using technolcgies on toxicity assessment and prediction of fire effluents to establish toxic indexes and criteria at which people would lose their ability to escape during fire.