田径速度力量项群运动负荷控制特征的研究

Study on the Control Character of Exercise Load of Speed-Power Events Group of Athletics

运用文献资料法、特征解析法和数理统计等方法,对田径速度力量项群运动负荷控制特征进行研究。研究揭示,多年训练过程中一般身体素质和基本技术训练所占比重,随着训练年限和竞技能力增长而趋于递减,但专项身体素质和专项技术训练所占比重则趋于递增。年度训练过程中的准备期训练重点集中在发展绝对力量、速度力量和专项技术训练等方面,负荷变化表现为负荷量和负荷强度几乎平行发展并呈现出渐进性递增特征,其中负荷强度一般控制在80%-90%最高成绩水平上。比赛期的负荷量约下降20%,但负荷强度上升10%。而过渡期则表现出负荷量和负荷强度同时下降的特征。小周期训练过程中的赛前小周期负荷变化表现为负荷量有所降低但负荷强度却有所增加的特征,而且负荷强度在赛前2周左右达到最高水平,其中大强度训练的持续时间约为10.5天-21天,其比例约占赛前训练总负荷的10%-30%左右,最后一次大强度训练高峰出现的时间一般距离比赛日之前5天-12天。

Study on the control character of exercise load of speed - power events goup of athletics by methods of documents, character analysis and statistics. The conclusion shows the training ratio of general fitness and basic technique is increasing with the increasing of training years and sports ability, but the radio of special quality and special skill is increasing. In the course of year, the focal point is concentrated on the development of maximum power training, speed - power training and special skill. The control character of exercise load displays a parallel increasing at load quantity and load intensity, load intensity is controlled in 80 - 90% first- rate performance. In the course of competition period, the load quantity is increasing about 10%, the load intensity is decreasing about 10%, but the load quantity and load intensity is decreasing simultaneously in the course of transition period. In the course of little period of pre - competition training, the load changing shows a character of load quantity decreasing and load intensity increasing, Moreover the high it arriving at the maximum point before two weeks of pre - competition. Especially, the high load intensity training usually continue to 10.5 - 21days, its radio is about 10- 30% total load, the last high load training is arranged in 5 - 12days before pre- competition.