灭蚊幼芽孢杆菌剂型的研究与应用

Study on the Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Against Mosquitoes Larvae

目的 针对蚊虫的生态习性和不同孳生地特点，研制具有即效又有持效的灭蚊幼芽孢杆菌剂型。方法 选用漂浮剂锯末粉为载体，加粘附剂和分散剂，按一定比例制成不同剂型进行灭蚊幼试验，并观察不同剂型对哺乳动物、非靶生物的影响。结果 Bti-187颗粒剂，稻田灭中华按蚊幼虫持效为12～16d，块剂在小型孳生地灭致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊幼虫，持效分别可达17和12d，BS-C3-41颗粒剂、块剂灭致倦库蚊幼虫持效分别可达19和94d。Bti-187和BS-C3-41发泡剂有较好的即效，48h灭蚊幼效果达100％，持效分别可达15和21d。结论 针对不同蚊虫孳生地特点，采用不同剂型配合使用，蚊虫密度平均下降70％～100％。能有效控制成蚊密度，削平成蚊季节高峰。

Objective To study formulations of Bacillus thuringensis for high effectiveness and long lasting control against larvae of mosquitoes. Methods To test different formulations with B. thuringensis, sawdust, glutinous and disperse materials were used as insecticide carrier on mosquito larvae control. The influence of formulations on non-target aquatic living things and animals were investigated in both lab and field. Results Persistence effectiveness was 12-16 clays with the floating granular of B. thuringensis isrelensis 187 strain against Anopheles sinensis in rice field and 12 and 17 days with the briquette formula against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes spieces lavae in small water collector. The persistence effective periods for B. sphaericus floating granular and briquette formula on C. pipiens quinquefasciatus were 19 and 94 days respectively. Conclusion To consider breeding sites in using formulations can control mosquitoe effectively, mosquito densities can reduced by 70%-100% .