中国土地政策改革：一个整体性行动框架

Chinese Land Policy Reform： A Framework of General Measures

中国农村与城市土地制度仍然维持着二元性，以及国家垄断城市土地的一级市场；强制征地和补偿措施存在不公平性；农民的土地权利很弱；地方政府对土地转让收益及土地相关融资过度依赖；降低农地流失率困难；土地法律框架不完整。这六个相互联系的问题正是中国目前土地政策所面临的主要挑战。中国土地政策改革需要采取整合性方法，在统一与平等对待城市和农村土地这一总体目标的指导下．采取稳健的步骤来整合城市和农村的土地市场、土地权利及城乡规划与管理，减少政府对城市土地一级市场的垄断，由此提出中国土地政策改革的一个整体性行动框架以及进一步改革的短期、中期和长期建议。

Six relative problems still exist in Chinese land policy system ,they are as follows： land system between rural and urban areas keep dual; the stair land market of urban areas are monopolized by government;land are requisitioned for compulsively and the compensation measures are not adequate;the fights of peasant are weak;local governments are too depended on the income of land transfer and the relative finance through land; it is still very difficult to depress the decreasing of farm land; and the framework of land law system is not complete. To reform China＇s land system, based on the guidance of the general goal to deal with the rural and urban land equally and unitedly, we should regulate the land market and the land rights as well as the layout and administration of urban and rural areas, besides, reduce government＇s monopolization of urban stair land market. At last,this article puts forward a general fi＇amework of land policy reform and gives some good advice.