两种穗型冬小麦品种产量形成特点及超高产关键栽培技术研究

Study on Yield Formation of Winter Wheat Cultivars with Different Spike Types and Their Key Cultivation Techniques for Super-high Yield

为给小麦大面积高产栽培提供依据，1997～1999年在河南省偃师市高产麦田研究了多穗型和大穗型小麦品种产量形成特点及超高产关键栽培技术。结果表明．多穗型和大穗型冬小麦品种在群体动态变化、小穗和小花发育、籽粒灌浆过程等方面有较大差异。针对多穗型品种在高产奈件下分蘖成稳率高、穗粗重较低的特点，采取在拔节期追氮的措施能有效减少小花、子房退化，达到穗粒数增加、粒重提高的效果；大穗型品种分化小穗、小花数多，穗粒数高，在拔节期以后分蘖发育明显慢于主茎，致使分蘖成穗率低，群体穗数不足，产量低于多穗型品种，适当增加播量可有效增加穗数，提高小麦产量。

The study was carried out on yield formation of winter wheat with different spike types in Yanshi, Henan province from 1997 to 1999. The results indicated that differences in population dynamic, development of spike and floret, and grain filling existed between small and large spike wheat cultivars. With regards to high ratio of spikes to tillers and low ear weight in small-spike cultivars, nitrogen application at jointing stage increased grain number by decreasing aborted florets or ovaries. As for large-spike cultivars, low ratio of spikes to tillers and insufficient spike number in the field resulted in low yield compared with small-spike cultivars, which suggested that increasing sowing rate reasonably could get more spikes and higher yield.