不同小麦品种钾素营养特性的差异

Potassium Nutrition Characteristics of Different Wheat Varieties

选用27个小麦品种为材料,通过盆栽试验的方法,研究了各品种的施钾响应度,以明确不同小麦品种间钾素营养特性的差异。结果表明,供试小麦品种钾效率及其对施钾响应度存在显著的基因型差异,27个品种可分为低效低响应型、低效高响应型、高效低响应型、高效高响应型4种类型。其中,豫麦25号、郑州9023、豫麦9号和豫麦34为第一种类型,豫麦41号、丰优7号、济麦2号、郑麦9405、新麦11、郑农16和豫麦68为第二种类型,豫麦18、温麦8号、豫麦69、豫麦60、新矮早958、郑州9689、周麦16、高优503、豫展1号、新麦9号、兰考3号、兰考6号、豫麦49、兰考4号、偃师4110为第三种类型,太空6为第四种类型。在钾胁迫条件下小麦成熟期生物学产量及其施钾响应度与小麦籽粒产量及其施钾响应度之间均呈极显著的正相关关系,可作为评价不同小麦品种钾效率高低和对施钾效应大小的参考指标。在供试土壤条件下,不同小麦品种钾效率与其钾利用效率呈显著的正相关。

Pot test was used to study the characteristics of different wheat varieties on potassium nutrition. The results indicated ： there were significant genotype differences among the tested 27 wheat cultivars on K efficiency and response to K fertilizer application. Those cultivars could be divided into 4 types, （1） low on both K efficiency and response to K fertilizer application; （2） low on K efficiency but high on response to K fertilizer application; （3） high on K efficiency but low on response to K fertilizer application and （4） high on both K efficiency and response to K fertilizer application. Among 27 varieties, Yumai 25, Zhengzhou 9023, Yumai 9 and Yumai 34 belonged to the first type; Yumai 41, Fengyou 7, Jimai 2, Zhengmai 9405, Xinmai 11, Zhengnong 16 and Yumai 68 belonged to the second type; Yumai 18, Wenmai 8, Yumai 69, Yumai 60, Xinaizao 958, Zhengzhou 9689, Zhoumai 16, Gaoyou 503, Yuzhan 1, Xinmai 9, Lankao 3, Lankao 6, Yumai 49, Lankao 4 and Yanshi 4110 belonged to the third type; Taikong 6 belonged to the forth type. There were significant positive correlation, both between dry weight at harvesting stage and seed yield at the same K level, and between dry weight and seed yield response to K fertilizer application among different genotypes, so the dry weight and its response to K fertilizer application could be used as a reference parameters to evaluate the character of K-efficiency and response to K fertilizer application in wheat cultivar. The K efficiency of wheat showed significant correlation with its K utilization efficiency.