高速掺气水流中音速问题的探讨

Discussion on the sonic velocity for high-speed aerated water flow

水利工程中向高速水流掺气是为了避免在坝面发生空蚀,这却改变了水流的可压缩特性,音速在其中突然降为每秒几十米。这将对高坝泄水工程产生一些消极的作用。通过对该水气二相流中,现阶段的一些音速公式进行分析研究,指出了它们在前提假设上的不完备性和实际应用中的不合理性问题,并对此进行了分析,比较得出这些问题存在的缘由,并研究了掺气浓度对相间作用的影响关系。

In hydraulic engineering,the cavitation erosion in the dam surface can be avoided by aerating in the high speed water flow,but the compressible characteristic is changed. The sonic velocity is reduced to decades meter per second. This will do negative influence on the engineering of discharge on high dams. This paper points out the problems of these sonic expressions for the gas-liquid two phase water flow in the hypothesis of the premises and the un-rationality during the applications. And the causes of these problems and the relation between the aerated concentration and the action are studied.