一种柔性微型扑翼设计及其气动力特性的试验研究

Micro-flapping Wing Design and Test for Aerodynamic Properties

微型扑翼机以其优良的机动性、低噪音、低成本、执行任务的多功能性以及在现代高科技局部战争中的潜在应用价值而得到各科技先进国家的重视,投入了大量精力开展研究工作。在我国也已经初步开展对微型扑翼机研究。但由于与微型扑翼飞行相关的低雷诺数空气动力学研究还处于萌芽阶段,对微型扑翼的设计研究工作尚无可供指导的成熟理论和借鉴的经验,目前微型扑翼的设计研究基本上是以试验为主。本文参照动物的扑翼飞行实例和固定翼飞行器机翼设计的经验,在对扑翼飞行基本原理分析研究的基础上,设计制作了一种微型扑翼及扑翼的驱动机构,采用直流电动机作为动力,通过调节驱动电压来控制扑动的频率。并对该微型扑翼进行了空气动力特性试验,得到了微型扑翼的空气动力特性,并从中得出了影响扑动升力的一些因素。实验结果表明,具有柔性翼面的扑翼,其产生的升力和推力较高而且比较稳定。

Micro-flapping wings have the advantages of high maneuverability, low noise, low cost, multifunction and potential applications to the modem high-tech local wars, and receive attention from researchers in various advanced countries. Much work has been done to explore their principles and design techniques. Research on this field has also been conducted in China. Because the relevant micro-aerodynamics is in its infant stage, there are no mature theory and experience for the design of micro-flapping wings. Their research mainly focuses on experimental approach. With reference to of flapping flight of animals such as birds and bats and to the experience of fixed wing design, preliminary design and manufacturing of micro-flapping wings have been carried out on the basis of the analysis of the principles of flapping flight. A type of micro-flapping wing model with flexible wing surface and its driving mechanism have been designed. A DC motor is used as the driving force of the micro-flapping wings, and their flapping frequency can be controlled by adjusting their input voltage. Flapping tests show that the designed model can flap steadily. Aerodynamic performance tests have been conducted for the manufactured flapping wings in a low turbulence wind tunnel. The results show that the designed micro-flapping wings with flexible surface have fairly good and stable lift and thrust properties.