摘要
祭祀黄帝滥觞于先秦时期的祖灵崇拜,秦汉以后长期保持着黄帝作为方帝和帝王的并行祭祀格局。魏晋时期发生的五帝是方帝或人帝及宋代五帝的帝名、帝号之争,透露出祭祀礼仪的繁琐和认识的歧异。元代至顺以后,官方祭天祀典中摒除了五帝之祀,形成了黄帝作为历代帝王之一或人文始祖享祀的传统。崇拜黄帝的传统是文化认同的结果,祭祀活动本身表达的是对去者的追思和生者的希冀,更是团结海外华人构筑和谐社会的重要手段。
Tile sacrifice of Huangdi originated from believing in the ancestral soul. Huangdi was sacrificed as god and emperor for a long time from Qin and Han Dynasty. The dispute with the Five-emperor in the Jin and Song Dynasty, discloses the overelaborate formalities and disagreeable knowledge. Huangdi was only sacrificed as emperor or ancestor from the Yuan Dynasty. The tradition of worshipping Huangdi is because of the cultural approval. The act of sacrifice expresses the miss and hope, and it is an important method to unite all the Chinese to build the harmonious society.
关键词
黄帝
公祭
方帝
人帝
Huangdi
public memorial ceremony
god
emperor
