国有商业银行实施战略转型的动因、路径和策略研究

Reason, Path and Strategy for State-Owned Commercial Banks to Realize the Strategic Transformation

商业银行战略转型是指商业银行根据外部监管、竞争、客户及技术等环境的变化在业务、产品、区域和盈利结构上进行重大的调整及变化。因此,商业银行在实施战略转型时其自身与环境的一致性随着时间的变化在形式、内涵、状态上所表现出来的差异,足以影响商业银行的生存和可持续发展。本文运用平衡型战略变化模型,指出影响国有商业银行战略转型的外部环境变化因素主要为国内经济发展、入世承诺兑现、信息技术应用、客户需求变化、竞争压力升级这五个方面,内部阻力因素主要为思维、结构、制度和人才这四个方面,在此基础上,文章提出了国有商业银行战略转型的实施路径和具体策略安排。

By strategic transformation, it is meant that commercial banks make important readjustment and change in business, products, regions and profit structure in light of the changes in external supervision, competition, customer and technology, etc. Therefore, in the course of such transformation, commercial banks experience corresponding changes in form, content and state, which are large enough to affect their survival and sustained development. In this paper, a model for balanced strategic changes is employed to show that the transformation is affected by five external factors, e.g. domestic economic development, WTO commitment honoring, IT application, customers' demand and competition intensification and four internal factors, namely, concept, structure, system and talent. Following this analysis, paths for and concrete policy arrangement on transformation are provided.