春秋及其以前舜帝传说新考

A Survey of Emperor Shun During and Before Spring-Autumn

考察孔子同时或以前的人物的言论,可以看出春秋以前的舜帝传说情况,主要是:至迟在西周穆王时已有人谈论舜帝,而舜帝传说其实在周武王时已经兴盛,而且此前还隐约可考,它与舜裔的势力兴衰和世系的详略成正比关系;虞幕是有虞氏之祖,应是颛顼之后,舜帝后裔自认黄帝为高祖的铭文可作确证;舜帝已是明德圣君形象,受三代王朝尊崇,禅让说和逼篡说都未出现,但禅让说更符合传说的原貌;九疑山舜陵在春秋时已经存在,其形制为楚章华台所仿照,与《山海经》和马王堆地图相合。

A survey of the speeches and writings in and before Confucius' times shows the legendary stories about Emperor Shun before Spring-Autumn period.The main plot goes like this: Emperor Shun had been mentioned in the times of King Mu in West Zhou,and Emperor Shun's stories became prevalent when King Zhouwu reigned.This situation is in proportion to the rising power of the descendents of Emperor Shun.This paper also studies the legendary stories about Emperor Shun thereafter and the election systems then.It shows that Emperor Shun's grave existed in Spring-Autumn period,which is in accordance with the description in Shanhaijing and the maps evacuated in Mawangdui ruins.