物权法草案的若干问题

SOME ISSUES ON JUS REREM DRAFT

物权的支配性特点,只反映了权利人与物的关系,是物权的自然属性。排他性是物权的法律属性,也是物权的本质属性。认识排他性的意义在于区分不同的私权利的界限和公权力与私权利的界限,增强人们对公权利与私权利平等保护的法律意识。解决不动产物权的优先性,可以借鉴我国专利法保护专利申请权的原则,先申请登记的物权优先更加合理。“预告登记”使债权具有了对抗其他买房人的“物权效力”。不动产交易的善意保护不同于动产交易的善意保护。区别的关键在于公示的方式不同。侵权法和侵权责任解决不了财产(包括动产和不动产)完整的支配状态的恢复问题,在物权的请求权不足以保护物权利益的情况下,再适用侵权的请求权,把侵权的请求权作为物权的请求权的补充手段,更有利于全面的保护物权的请求权。

The dominant characteristic of jus ad rem, which reflects the relationship between the right holder and things, is the natural attribute of jus ad rein. Exclusive validity is its legal and essential attribute. The significance of recognition of exclusive validity lies in the distinction of various private rights and the distinction between public and private rights, so as to strengthen people＇ s legal awareness towards equal protection of public and private rights. Through referring to the doctrine of patent law protecting patent petition rights, jus ad rein with first registration enjoying the priority seems more reasonable. ＂Precautional registration＂ makes creditor＇s right hold ＂jus ad rem validity＂ to oppose to other buyers. Bona fide protection between dealing of real property and movables is quite different. The key to distinguish tern is the way of publication. When right of the real claim is incapable of protecting jus ad rem interests, right of the tort claim can be applicable as a supplementary measure to right of the real claim.