论侵权责任和违约责任

LIABILITY FOR TORT AND LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT

违约责任和侵权责任是自罗马法以来就已经形成的两类不同性质的民事责任。两种责任的构成要件不同,并有不同的区分标准,二者在特定的情况下会产生责任竞合的问题。传统的法律理论认为,侵权责任中的精神损害赔偿不能扩展到违约责任中,随着经济的发展,为了更好地保护受害方的利益,法学界和法院在一定程度上打破了这一传统原则,允许受害方在某些情况下可以要求违约中的精神损害赔偿。

Breach of contract and tort have been two different kinds of civil liability since the time of the Roman Law. They are different in the composing dements and in the differentiation standards. Under specific conditions, the two may cause the sameness of liability. The traditional doctrine provides that tort damages for emotional distress caused by breach of contract are not recoverable. However, with the development of economy, the jurisprudence circle and courts have, to some extents, broken this traditional rule, so as to provide better protection of the interests of the injured party, thus allowing the injured party to claim compensation for emotional distress damages by breach of contract.