我国涉外案件一审管辖的法院级别问题探析

On Ranks of Courts of First Instance Over Cases Involving Foreign Elements

我国对涉外案件几乎一律提高一审管辖的法院的级别,这是对在华诉讼的外国当事人的优待,同时是对本国公民诉权的某种歧视。诉讼上对外国当事人的“超国民待遇”和“次国民待遇”,都不符合WTO的国民待遇原则。我国刑事、民事和行政三大诉讼法,对涉外案件一审管辖法院作出了不同规定,最高法院的有关司法解释更是繁复不堪,并且明显违反诉讼法规定。应当在确定中国法院对涉外案件有管辖权后,实行内国案件和涉外案件一体化的级别管辖制度。

In China, nearly all cases involving foreign elements have been to the Intermediate or higher courts＇ jurisdiction, which isthe preferetial treatment to the foreign parties, while a discrimination to domestic parties in litigation system. The treatments, that exceed MFNI treatment and that are inferior to MFN treatment are all inconsistent： with principles of MFN treatment in WTO. Further, the systems of jurisdiction over cases involving foreign elements in Criminal Procedure Law, Civil Procedure Law and Administrative Procedure Law are different, and even more, the PRC Supreme Court s judicial interpretations on jurisdiction over cases involving foreign elements are extremely heavy and Complicated land transgress the provisions of Procedure Laws. When confirming the Chinese Courts＇ jurisdiction, the domestic eases and eases involving foreign elements should follow the integrated system of jurisdiction.