人参锈腐病研究进展

Advances of the Research on Ginseng Rust Rot

综述了近年来对人参锈腐病病参的表皮和根内化学成分的变化、病原菌生物学特性、分子生物学及防治方面的研究。结果显示,锈腐病菌侵入参根后,病根体内总皂甙、粗淀粉、总糖减少,而木质素、脂肪酸和还原糖增加;Ca,Zn,Mn,Fe,Al,Si的含量增加,K的含量降低。生物学特性方面研究了最适病原菌生长的碳源、氮源、pH值、温度及微量元素Fe、Pd、Zn、Cd、Cu对菌丝生长的作用。防治方面则对农业防治和生物防治进行了总结。农业防治主要是进行合理轮作,施用有机肥;生物防治重点在拮抗菌的筛选上。以生物防治方法防治人参锈腐病有很广阔的前景。

The variations of epidermic and chemical components in ginseng rust mt caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans, biological characters and molecular biology of the pathogen and disease control were summarized in this review. It showed that total saponin, rough amylum and total sugar decreased while lignin, fatty acid and reducing sugar increased. The content of Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al and Si increased but the content of K decreased. The researches in biological characters were made on the optimum conditions for the pathogen, such as carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, etc. The effects of Fe, Pd, Zn, Cd and Cu to mycelittm growth were also concluded. The agricultural control and biological control of the disease were summarized. Rotation and organic fertilizer application were the proper methods of agricultural control. The biological control was focused on the selection of antagonism. The latter method of controlling ginseng rust mt will have a bright future.