乌拉坦和戊巴比妥钠对手术后长期饲养动物的影响

Comparison between effects of urethane and pentobarbital sodium on animals demanding long-term breeding

目的:探讨麻醉药乌拉坦的副作用及手术造模后需长期饲养的动物麻醉用药的选择.方法:将大鼠用乌拉坦(n=90)及戊巴比妥钠(n=48)分别进行麻醉,观察较长期的生存及死亡状态,并对乌拉坦对动物脏器的影响做了肉眼观察,度量比较,扫描电子显微镜下观察肠内壁绒毛,腺体以及微绒毛的形态特征.结果:使用乌拉坦的动物死亡率非常高,达33.3-40.0%,死亡动物的内脏严重受损.使用戊巴比妥钠的大鼠死亡率在假手术组为8.3%,在手术组为6.25%.假手术组以及手术组与正常组比较,脾系数极度减小(0.78±0.38,0.77±0.21vs3.44±1.16,P<0.01),盲肠与回肠直径极度增加(3.20±0.79,2.23±0.34vs1.26±0.24,P<0.01;1.68±0.44,1.46±0.36vs0.46±0.07,P<0.01),细胞变性严重.透射电镜下观察到用乌拉坦19wk的大鼠,小肠黏膜上皮细胞明显水肿,表面有的微绒毛已脱落,整体数量减少.结论:乌拉坦不适用于对手术后需长期饲养的动物进行麻醉,而戊巴比妥钠可作为术后需长期饲养动物的手术麻醉用药.

AIM： To explore the side effects of urethane and the anesthetic selection for animals which demand longterm breeding. METHODS： Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized by urethane （n = 90） or pentobarbital sodium （n = 48）, and the relatively long-term existence and mortality were compared between the two groups. The effects of these two anesthetics on the animal＇s viscera were observed by naked eyes, and the morphological characteristics of the intestinal villus were observed under electron microscope. RESULTS： The mortality rate of the rats after urethane administration was extraordinarily high （33.3-40.0%）, while the mortality rate of the pentobarbital sodium treated rats was comparatively lower （8.3%）. The viscera of these died rats were seriously damaged. In the sham-operation and operation groups, the spleen coefficient was markedly decreased （0.78 ± 0.38, 0.77 ± 0.21 vs 3.44 ± 1.16, P 〈0.01）, and the diameters of the caecum and ileum were notably increased （3.20 ± 0.79, 2.23 ± 0.34 vs 1.26 ± 0.24, P 〈0.01; 1.68 ± 0.44, 1.46 ± 0.36 vs 0.46 ± 0.07, P 〈0.01） as compared with those in the normal controls. The denaturalization of the cells was severe. There was obvious edema in the intestinal mucous membrane epithelium of urethane treated rats （19 wk）. The overall number of the villi was decreased, and some on the surface were desquamated. CONCLUSION： Urethane is not suitable in anaesthesia for the animals which demand long-term breeding after operation, while the pentobarbital sodium is a better option.