傅氏凤尾蕨配子体发育的研究

Gametophyte Development of Pteris fauriei

采用MS培养基、混合土和滤纸分别培养傅氏凤尾蕨孢子,对其配子体发育过程用显微镜作了详细观察。结果表明:孢子呈四面体形,大小为27.4μm×10.3μm,三裂缝。孢子萌发的早晚因培养方式不同而有差异,MS培养基培养需4天左右,混合土培养需1周左右,滤纸培养则要2周左右。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,原叶体发育类型为水蕨型。发育为片状体的时间也存在差异,MS培养基培养自接种后需22天左右,混合土培养需16天左右,而滤纸培养需40天左右。原叶体裸露,无毛状体。幼原叶体形状不规则,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。混合土培养自播种后4￣11周左右出现性器官,精子器近圆球形,成熟颈卵器颈部常向原叶体基部倾斜或弯曲。

The spores of the Pterisfauriei were cultured in Murishige and Skoog medium, mixed soil and filter paper, and all stages of gametophyte development were observed under microcopy. The spore is tetrahedral, 27.4μm × 10.3μm, and trilete. The spores germinated at about 4 days in the medium, 1 week in the mixed soil and 2 weeks in the filter paper after inoculation. The germination is of the Vittaria type, while the gametophyte development is of the Ceratopteris type. The prothallial plates are formed about 22 days in medium, 16 days in mixed soil and 40 days in filter paper. Prothalli are naked, without hairs. Abnormal shapes occurred in the young prothalli. The mature prothalli are cordate-thalloid. The sex organs formed about 4 to 11 weeks after spores were inoculated in the mixed soil. The antheridia are subglobose. The archegonial neck was usually inclined or curved towards the base of the prothallus at maturity.