宝安区小儿发锌和钙等元素的测定

Analysis and determination of trace elements in hair among 237 children aged 0.5 to 12 years in Baoan District

目的通过对宝安区小儿发锌、钙、铅元素水平的测定与分析，探讨预防和治疗措施。方法采用原予吸收分光光度计测定237名0．5～12岁小儿的头发标本。结果锌、钙、铅三元素含量与年龄有关，其中发钙含量有性别差异。四组中铅高（73．42％）占第一位，其次为钙缺乏（54．85％）和锌缺乏（8．43％）。有害元素发铅阳性率依次为幼儿、学龄前、婴儿和学龄组；但学龄组发铅较高率显著性高于其他组（X^2〉11．94，P〈0．01）。幼儿组钙缺乏率最高，且钙缺乏率有随年龄降低的趋势。锌缺乏率无组问差异，但有随年龄增高的趋势。结论高铅和钙营养不足是本地区小儿最主要的健康问题。幼儿和学龄前儿童是防治铅高和钙缺乏的重点对象，应采取均衡营养、科学饮食和合理补充等综合防治措施以降低微量元素缺乏或过多给儿童生长发育带来的危害。

Objective To explore the prevention and treatment measures for the deficiency or over plus of .some trace elements in children. Methods A total of 237 children aged 0.5 to 12 years were divided into four groups according to the age. The concentrations of zinc, calcium and lead in hair were detected by the atomic absorption technique. Results The levels of zinc, calcium and lead were rdevant to age, and only the levels of calcium were found to be related to the sex. The accumulation of lead was the first frequent occurrence of trace dements in the four groups, and the deficiency of calcium and zinc were the second and the third, respectively. The positive rate of lead in hair was the highest in infancy group, and followed by preschcol, babyhood and school age group, but the rate beyond the corresponding upper-limit reference value of the unwholesomelead in schcol age groups was significantly higher than those in the other groups, P〈0.01. The deficiency of calcium was the highest in the infancy group and had a tend to decrease with age. For the deficiency of zinc, no significant difference was found among the four groups, but it tended to increase with the age. Conclusions The high accumulation of lead and lacking of calcium, which are harmful to the health of children, were the main problem in the children of our district. The infancy and preschool age children were the main targets for the intervention of prevention and treatment, so we should take some measures such as balanced nutrition, scientific meal and reasonable trace element supply, in order to prevent and cure the deficiency or over plus of trace elements which might affect the children＇ health.