学校领导的新进展:从教学领导到转型领导

The New Development of School leadership:From Instructional Leadership to Transformational Leadership

学校领导的研究已有100余年的历史,20世纪80年代后出现了两种占主导地位的领导范式:教学领导和转型领导。前者强调自上而下的控制;后者强调自下至上的参与式改革,是一种分享式的领导范式。教学领导凭借管理与控制组织成员导向既定的目标;转型领导则通过提升组织成员的期望值来憧憬、创造未来。鉴于两者的优点与不足,未来的领导范式将是两者的有机整合。

Literature on school leadership has a history of 100 years. Over the past two decades the most suitable leadership role for principals has been dominated by two conceptual models：instructional leadership and transformational leadership. Instructional leadership emphasizes on coordinating and controlling from above, transformational leadership which is a distributed leadership,focuses on stimulating change through bottom-up participation. The distinction also contrasts instructional leadership that focuses on management of existing relationships and maintenance of the status quo with transformational leadership that seeks to envision and create the future by synthesizing and extending the aspiration of members of the organizational community. In view of the advantages and disadvantages the two models have, the future leadership will move towards an integration of leadership models.