R&D合作治理模式选择研究——以合资与合约为例

A research on the choice of governance modes of R&D cooperation——With joint ventures and contractual agreements as examples

近年来,企业之间R&D合作有增多的趋势,合资和合约是两种较为典型的R&D合作治理模式。以此两种模式为例,分析模型对R&D合作中合资与合约的选择机理表明,对产品原型贡献程度是模式选择的重要决定因素,且其大小存在一个阈值:当双方中的一方对产品原型贡献大于阈值时,合约是双方最优的治理模式;反之,合资则是最优选择。且产品原型贡献阈值受合作双方吸收能力、得益分配、合作时间等因素影响。此外,阈值也是合资或合约稳定性的测度。

Among more and more R&D cooperation between enterprises,the research joint ventures and contractual agreements are two typical kinds of governance modes of R&D cooperation.This paper makes an in-depth analysis through a model on the choice mechanism of research joint ventures and contractual agreements for R&D cooperation.The model indicates that the important and decisive variable for mode choice is the degree of contribution to the prototype,which has a threshold value: when the degree of contribution to the prototype for one side is greater than the threshold value,contractual agreements are the optimum governance model for both sides;otherwise,joint ventures are the optimum choice.Moreover,the threshold value is influenced by absorptive capacity,benefits share,cooperative time and other factors.In addition,the threshold value is also an estimate for stability of joint ventures or contractual agreements.