土壤微生物多样性及其作用研究进展

Soil Microbial Diversity and Its Action

土壤微生物是土壤的重要组成部分,是土壤有机质和土壤养分(N、C、P等)转化和循环的主要动力,它参与土壤有机质的分解、腐殖质的形成等生化过程.另外,又是土壤养分的储备库和植物生长可利用养分的一个重要来源,是土壤肥力水平的活性指标,在土壤生态系统中起着非常重要的作用.本文从土壤微生物多样性的定义、研究方法、土壤微生物的作用来阐述目前国内外土壤微生物多样性及其作用研究进展,并探讨了分子生物学在土壤微生物研究中的应用前景.

Soil microorganism, one of the important components of soil, is the main power of soil organic matter and soil nutrients（ N , C , P ,etc. ） transformation and circulation, and participates in the forming of its resolving, humus of participating in soil organic matter,etc.. In addition, as an important source of the usable nutrient of plant growing and the reserve storehouse of the soil nutrient, and the active index of the soil fertility level, it plays a very important role in the soil ecosystem. This text surveyed advances of bio - diversity of soil and its function from the definition of soil microbial diversity, research approaches, and function. Furthermore, it had probed into the application prospect in the little biological study of soil of molecular biology.